TISSUE ENGINEERING
from petri dish to patient
1655
Hooke coined the term "cells" after viewing cork cells under
the microscope.
1905
Eduard Konrad Zirm performed
the first ever transplant
(corneal transplant).
Alexis Carrel wrote the book, The Culture of Organs, providing insight
on the field of regenerative medicine.
1938
1980
Ioannis Yannas and John Burke developed the first commercially reproducible human skin, used to save burn victims.
FROM PAST TO PRESENT
1600
1998
James Thompson isolated and
grew the first stem cells from human embryos which were made in vitro.
1907
R.G. Harrison demonstrated active growth of cells in culture with his milestone breakthrough in in vitro
cell cultivation
1600
1800
1900
1953
Leroy Stevens first used the term "Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC)" to describe pluripotent cells he observed during his study with mice.
1967
Christiaan Barnard, a South African surgeon, performed the first heart transplantation.
2002
Pittenger discovered that bone marr-ow cells could be a "universal stem cell" if they could be transdiffferent-
iated under the right set of conditions.
2000
2006
Shinya Yamanaka found a way to reprogram specialized adult cells
into stem cells, leading to the poss-
ibility that any dividing cell in the body
can be turned into a pluripotent stem cell.
2006
Researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center began development
of a 3D printer that outputs organs,
bones, and muscles.
2013
Hannah Warren became the
youngest recipient of a bio-
enginereed organ, with a successful
tracheal transplant on April 9th.
2013
Mark Post created a Cultured Beef burger, made by harvesting muscle cells from a living cow, and nurtur-
ing the cells, so they multiply to
create muscle tissue.
2014
Doctors at Wake Forest Baptist
Medical Center used a tissue sample and biodegradable scaffold to create
a lab grown vagina.
2016
Thomas Cervantes grew a human-
like ear from animal tissue on a rat model, and claimed scientists are
closer to being able to grow a
human ear from a patient's cells.
Carl Bunger, a German surgeon, documented the first successful
skin graft on a human patient.
1823
